Publicación:

Escalas de valoración del dolor: revisión de literatura

Resumen

Pain is an inexplicable experience that all human beings experience at some point in their lives, it is one of the most difficult sensations to explain and that significantly affects the performance of activities of daily living regardless of the population group. Methodology: Search in databases, review of the methodology and instruments proposed for the assessment of pain. Results: 70 articles were initially reviewed, after reading abstracts and articles, and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 articles were selected in which it was possible to show that the alterations or pathologies that cause greater pain in adults and older adults 30% are related to Arthritis, 20% heart failure and the remaining 50% correspond to pathologies such as prostate cancer, overweight, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, AMI, PE, low back pain, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's and rheumatoid arthritis, In addition to this, the most frequently used assessment scales to assess pain in these pathologies were: the visual assessment scale (VAS), the pain assessment scale in patients with dementia (PAINAD) and the numerical pain scale (NRS), which have shown to be more efficient to assess the intensity of pain. Conclusion: this research highlights how vital and necessary knowledge is on the part of the nursing staff about the various scales to assess pain, allowing them to apply the one that adapts to the patient's needs and thus be able to intervene appropriately.