Role of Regulatory T Cells and Inhibitory Molecules in the Development of Immune Exhaustion During Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection
Fecha
2016-01
Autores
González, Sandra M.
Zapata Builes, Wildeman
Rugeles, María Teresa
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Editor
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Programa de Medicina, Medellín y Envigado, Colombia, 00000
Resumen
One of the key hallmarks of chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is the persistent
immune activation triggered since early stages of the infection, followed by the development of an exhaustion
phenomena, which leads to the inability of immune cells to respond appropriately to the virus and other
pathogens, constituting the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); this exhausting state is characterized
by a loss of effector functions of immune cells such as proliferation, production of cytokine, as well as cytotoxic
potential and it has been attributable to an increased response of regulatory T cells and recently also to the
expression in different cell populations of inhibitory molecules, such as programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1),
cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), T cell immunoglobulin-3 (Tim-3), and lymphocyte activation
gene-3 (LAG-3). The importance of these molecules relies on the possibility to restore the immune response
once these molecules are blocked, constituting a potential therapeutic target for treatment during HIV infection.
In this regard, we explored the available data evaluating the functional role of Treg cells and inhibitory
molecules during the infection in both blood and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and their contribution
to the development of immune exhaustion and progression to AIDS, as well as their therapeutic potential.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Regulatory T Cells , Immune Exhaustion , Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection