Arriostramiento de parapetos existentes hechos de albañilería simple
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Autores
San Bartolome Ramos, Ángel Francisco
Siancas‑Chavarria, Reymundo Anderson
Manrique Guillen, Alan Gabriel
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Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Resumen
En diversos terremotos ocurridos en el Perú ha podido apreciarse que los parapetos de albañilería simple (no reforzada) terminan volcándose, poniendo en riesgo a las personas que transitan por la zona o que escapan del mismo edificio. Ante este peligro y dada la existencia de una gran cantidad de parapetos sueltos en el Perú, es necesario tomar medidas preventivas, por lo que en este proyecto se buscó una técnica económica y sencilla de aplicar que permita arriostrarlos adecuadamente evitando su colapso. Esta técnica consistió en emplear pequeñas columnas en los bordes del parapeto, anclando químicamente su refuerzo vertical en la base. Se varió la disposición del refuerzo así como su forma de anclar. La técnica fue verificada mediante ensayos de simulación sísmica hechos en la mesa vibradora de la PUCP durante 2012 y 2013, donde se ensayaron en simultáneo a cuatro parapetos. Puesto que dos parapetos arriostrados soportaron la acción sísmica, hubo que ensayarlos estáticamente para así determinar su resistencia máxima. En síntesis, el parapeto de albañilería simple colapso para cargas inferiores a las reglamentarias, mientras que los arriostrados soportaron cargas mayores.
Various earthquakes in Peru have shown that simple masonry (that is, not reinforced) parapets collapse, placing people in the area and those exiting the building at risk. Due to this risk, and the existence of many non-reinforced parapets in Peru, it is essential that preventative measures are taken. Accordingly, this project examines an economical and simple technique that can be used to adequately brace the parapets, thereby preventing them from collapsing. The technique consists of employing small columns at the edges of the parapet and chemically anchoring the vertical reinforcement to the base. Different positions and anchoring methods were tested. This technique was verified throughseismic simulation tests on the pucp’s shake table in 2012 and 2013, testing four parapets simultaneously. Two braced parapets withstood the seismic action, and these then underwent static trials to determine their maximum resistance. In summary, the simple masonry parapet collapsed under loads below regulatory limits, while the braced parapets supported greater loads.
Various earthquakes in Peru have shown that simple masonry (that is, not reinforced) parapets collapse, placing people in the area and those exiting the building at risk. Due to this risk, and the existence of many non-reinforced parapets in Peru, it is essential that preventative measures are taken. Accordingly, this project examines an economical and simple technique that can be used to adequately brace the parapets, thereby preventing them from collapsing. The technique consists of employing small columns at the edges of the parapet and chemically anchoring the vertical reinforcement to the base. Different positions and anchoring methods were tested. This technique was verified throughseismic simulation tests on the pucp’s shake table in 2012 and 2013, testing four parapets simultaneously. Two braced parapets withstood the seismic action, and these then underwent static trials to determine their maximum resistance. In summary, the simple masonry parapet collapsed under loads below regulatory limits, while the braced parapets supported greater loads.