Publicación: Queratoconjuntivitis seca y cataratas: algunas afecciones oftálmicas comunes en caninos
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This document is a review of literature on two of the most common ophthalmological conditions in dogs, dry keratoconjunctivitis and cataracts. Dry keratoconjunctivitis is an inflammatory process of the ocular surface caused by self-destruction of the lacrimal glands by the dog's own immune system. Its diagnosis is quick and simple by performing the ophthalmological examination and Schirmer's test, to the clinical aspect we can observe ocular secretion, diffuse conjunctivitis, superficial keratitis and chronic phase pigmentation. The treatment changes according to the primary cause, when the inflammatory process is a secondary symptom of another disease, it is necessary to fight the root of the problem. The common curative measures consist of the application of eye drops or artificial tears. There are breeds prone to disease such as brachycephalics that have an overexposure of ocular surfaces. Cataracts are an ocular affection that affects different species, depending on how advanced they are, the cataract manifests itself from mild vision problems, visual impairment, disorientation and can cause complete blindness, they can occur at birth (congenital cataracts) although they develop more frequently as age increases, cataracts have a genetic component showing predisposition for certain races. Its diagnosis is made with a good anamnesis, observation of clinical signs, complete physical and ophthalmological examination (tonometry) and ultrasonography. The cataract must be treated from its origin, the pharmacological treatment manages to improve the visual capacity but it does not manage to solve the problem, thus the surgery is the only effective treatment.