Vitaminas esenciales en la reproducción y el sistema inmune en el ganado bovino: una revisión

Abstract

Vitamins are essential micronutrients for the proper functioning of the organism and to maintain cellular homeostasis; its use lies in preventing disease problems, which can occur in an animal production easily. Vitamin A and E, also called antioxidants, are available in active form such as α tocopherol and β carotene; these vitamins supplemented in bovines can cause positive impacts on the immune and reproductive system, reduce the rates of oxidative stress that occurs in times of nutrient shortage and help prevent common problems in a livestock production, such as presentations of mastitis, pre and post-partum problems and weight gain in calves that present pathological problems due to immunodeficiency factors. In this review, key topics of the use of vitamins A and E will be discussed, their association as food according to their productive stage, habitat conditions and deficiencies of vitamin A and vitamin E in forages.