Publicación:

La enfermedad periodontal como factor de riesgo en la enfermedad cardiovascular aterosclerótica: una revisión de la literatura

Resumen

Introduction: Periodontal disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease are chronic inflammatory conditions that may have a causal relationship due to common risk factors between the two diseases, it has established a possible association between these two diseases, where the periodontal disease can cause systemic effects and promote atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, by two different methods. These pathways can be direct or indirect. Objective: To establish the role of the periodontal disease as a risk factor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease with emphasis on the indirect pathway where there are possible links between these two diseases from inflammatory markers. Materials and Methods: A review of scientific literature, identifying items that suggest an association between periodontal disease and the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We included articles in English and Spanish, were excluded animal studies and those who had only information on the direct route, which links periodontal disease with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease by periodontal pathogens. Results: The atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the most common systemic disease in patients with periodontal disease and both are mediated by an inflammatory process that increases the level of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein, fibrinogen and interleukin-6. The periodontal infection control has a positive influence on reducing inflammatory markers. The mechanisms which are associated with both conditions are not clear, it is believed that periodontitis as systemic inflammation contributes to the development and maintenance of atherosclerosis through the activation of a cascade of biochemical reactions, the onset and development of plaque formation and endothelial injury. Conclusion: The periodontal disease plays a critical role in chronic inflammatory systemic level; it is clear scientific evidence regarding the elevation of serum levels of inflammatory markers, reflected in the worsening of other diseases such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.