Peritonitis manejada por laparoscopia como método terapéutico eficaz

Abstract

Peritonitis is one of the main complications of abdominal emergencies. Laparoscopy serves both for the diagnostic and therapeutic management of the acute abdomen; in expert hands the morbimortality of this method is minimal. OBJECTIVE: The objective is to verify the efficacy of laparoscopy in patients with secondary peritonitis performing a single surgery without the need for reinterventions, ensuring the least damage of the abdominal wall, avoiding laparotomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study included patients with final diagnosis of peritonitis and managed with laparoscopic technique, covering a period from May 2011 to July 2016, admitted to Clínica Nuestra Señora de Fátima, Pasto, Colombia. RESULTS: The sample was 67 patients. The results indicate an average age of 45 years, maximum age 94 and minimum 17 years, ± 20.6; female sex predominates in 55.2% (n = 37); being 73.1% (n = 49) of the urban area. The mean evolution time of the disease was 4 days. There were no cases of mortality in the study population. CONCLUSION: The laparoscopic technique, thorough cleaning of the abdominal cavity, insertion of the mixed drainage and adequate antibiotic treatment, constitutes a safe technique in the patient since it prevents surgical reinterventions, risk of infections, absence of paralytic ileus and bleeding, thus avoiding laparostomy and the giant defect of the abdominal wall.