Publicación: Factores de riesgo que predisponen a los trastornos hipertensivos asociados al embarazo
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Introduction: Hypertensive disorders associated with pregnancy (HED) are manifested by the alteration of normal blood pressure values, presenting a systolic pressure greater than or equal to 140mmHg and a diastolic pressure greater than or equal to 90mmHg. The WHO states that, during 2017, around 295,000 pregnant women died from complications of pregnancy and childbirth; Meanwhile, for the year 2019 the WHO estimated that 75% of maternal mortality corresponded to THAE such as gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Objective: to identify the risk factors that predispose to hypertensive disorders associated with pregnancy. Methodology: a narrative review investigation was carried out in which original articles with a quantitative, descriptive, experimental and analytical approach were included, published from 2002 to 2020, in Spanish and English, using the databases of the Cooperative University of Colombia, the articles were exported to the Mendeley bibliographic references manager, in order to eliminate the probable duplicate articles, in this way the number of articles for full-text review was determined and the Microsoft program was used for the analysis of the information. Excel. Results: In the bivariate analysis, it was possible to identify that the most significant risk factors associated with THAE were: maternal age, younger than 20 years (p = 0.045) and older than 35 years (p = <0.05), primiparity (p = <0.01), nulliparity (p = 0.041), multiple pregnancy (P <0.04), personal history of THAE (p = 0.041) and diabetes mellitus (p = <0.05); In the multivariate analysis, the risk factors associated with THAE were, personal history of chronic hypertension (AOR = 13.64; 95% CI: 4.45 to 41.81), gestational diabetes (OR = 23.07; 95% CI 10.37-51.34), BMI: overweight (OR = 6.07; 95% CI 3.53-10.43) and obesity (OR 17.636; 95% CI: from 2.859 - 108.774). Conclusion: According to the research that was analyzed and taking into account the results of this research project, women by nature have non-modifiable factors such as age, race and family and personal history of any THAE; However, there are factors that are modifiable, such as the consumption of alcohol, psychoactive substances, smoking, diet and beliefs that predispose them to suffer from a hypertensive disorder during pregnancy, increasing the risk of maternal morbidity and mortality.