Publicación:

Cadena de producción de carne porcina en Colombia

Resumen

Over the last 15 years, the pig sector has made a significant effort to develop the productivity of this industry, seeking to improve competitiveness in the production chain with a view to strengthening its participation in the domestic market and creating options in the foreign market for this animal protein. This has been reflected in the advances in the modernization of pig farms and in the improvement of production parameters, resulting in an excellent quality product: pork with a high proportion of lean meat and the best nutritional properties. At present, the production of pigs is oriented towards obtaining specimens with high performance in lean cuts, high growth speed and feed conversion efficiency, reduction of dorsal fat layer and maximum carcass length. In 2019, the inventory of registered animals amounted to 6,710,666 animals distributed in 232,776 farms, of which 60.9% are animals from technical farms. 4,827,077 head of pigs were benefited and 446,627 tons of pork meat were produced, consumption reached 11.2 Kg / Hab, 115,552 tons were imported and 23,955 tons were exported between meat and pork by-products. In this document, a characterization of the pig meat production chain is carried out in a national context. The links of the chain, their actors and interrelationships are described, for which a descriptive research was carried out, applying an exploratory-descriptive methodology, the collection of information was based on secondary and tertiary sources. The search process was carried out in Google Scholar using terms such as "pork sector" OR "pork industry" AND transport AND Colombia. Likewise, the literature search strategy based on the snowball principle was applied, articles and documents that provided data and descriptive information and characterizations of the production chain and the sector in general were included, and those whose focus were diseases were excluded. , administrative issues, in general that did not provide information of interest and were publications prior to 2006. Out of 249 documents, 8-degree projects, 18 institutional reports, 12 articles and 5 normative documents were preserved for a total of 43 references. Finally, it was possible to know each of the stages that are part of the production chain, the production schemes or systems, the management that must be taken into account in transport, as well as the success factors, challenges and challenges of the sector. Finally, it is concluded that pig farming at the national level is in an evolutionary process, which requires advice and advertising to boost production activity and promote consumption.