Publicación:

Factores estresores del síndrome de burnout en los profesionales de enfermería en áreas de cuidados intensivos una revisión de literatura

Resumen

Burnout is punctuated as the syndrome, which consists of three aspects: emotional exhaustion (loss of energy, burnout, will manifest itself physically and / or psychologically); depersonalization (negative changes in relationships with others, involving in feelings, attitudes and negative reactions, distant and indifferent, especially for those users who are only considered with diseases or clinical cases) low personal fulfillment (tend to self-evaluation) and the work itself has a negative impact, so irritability may occur; low performance, impossibility to withstand pressures, wear of work motivation, sense of failure and inferiority complex (Maslach & Jackson, 1986). The objective of the project was to describe the stressors that lead to burnout syndrome in nursing professionals working in the intensive care area through a literature review of 40 articles in different languages such as Spanish, English and Portuguese, using keywords such as Psychological Burnout, Nurses, Intensive Care Units, Triggering Factors, Results: Based on the contributions of the bibliographic references it was evidenced that the psychosocial risk factors of burnout syndrome are the lack of empathy in their work, the relationship with other coworkers, personal problems, these are just some that cause behaviors that lead to stress and bring with them different consequences such as anxiety, frustration, tension, nervousness, loss of interest of the individual with their work making their work performance difficult and depressive symptoms. The causal agents were also determined, and it was found that the authors of the studies mentioned overwork, the long duration of their profession in the ICU, the high demands of the work, and the scarcity of human resources. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the psychosocial risk factors of Burnout Syndrome of the nursing professional in the work environment exist in greater quantity, they are of different types which intervene in prolonged cycles of continuous and intermittent time, such as: discrimination, isolation, insufficient social support, job insecurity, psychological harassment, irregular schedules among others, when the structural factors of the companies are dysfunctional, they cause results of nonconformity, psychophysiological responses of stress and tension.