Publicación:

Estado del arte en la literatura científica de la anorexia nerviosa.

Resumen

“They tend to have a distorted image of their body, because even with normal height and weight they carry out diets, fasts and physical exercise in excess. They use laxatives and diuretics. They make themselves vomit so as not to increase their body mass. Your biggest fear is being obese. They are teenagers and young people trapped in anorexia or bulimia. " La Jornada newspaper Monday October 25, 2010, p. 45. Anorexia is an Eating Disorder that in recent years has had a rapid increase, mainly in adolescent populations. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that on the planet at least one percent of adolescents and young adults suffer from anorexia and another 4.1% from bulimia. The so-called eating behavior disorders (ED), it is estimated that from 5 to 13 percent of this population group presents partial syndromes of these disorders, although there is a lack of precise statistics of the cases in the world, the specialists point out. In particular, anorexia nervosa is identified with premorbid personality traits, perfectionism, high personal expectations, a tendency to please the needs of others, and low self-esteem. This type of alterations for the scientific field has had a rapid development of Ideas and Evidence in their research, which have determined in the present study, to compile the existing literature related to those psychological factors, characterized and / or recognized by the scientific community, in favor of the establishment of actions, policies and therapeutic practices, capable of controlling and / or minimizing risks in populations as vulnerable as adolescents. Through documentary analysis of the specialized literature, corresponding to the last 15 years, the main objective was to review the scientific conceptualization proposed so far. In the second instance, describe and identify what characteristics show its development and what is its corresponding clinical picture. The present descriptive study indicates different causes and psychosocial, sociocultural and psychopathological factors associated with anorexia nervosa within which society, the media, the family nucleus and most importantly, the self-concept stand out, finding that the population most affected by this Disorder are adolescent women. For the sake of deepening, the need is pre-established not to continue multiplying literature that speaks of psychological causes, without taking into account under what conditions it is that the psychological becomes pathological.