Publicación: Hormonas esteroideas de origen sexual y su importancia en reproducción bovina
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Steroid hormones play a fundamental role in the regulation of multiple biological processes, including electrolyte homeostasis, stress response, reproductive function in differentiation, primary and secondary sexual characteristics. Steroid hormones comes from cholesterol in specific cells of the ovary, testis, adrenal cortex, placenta, and central nervous system. These hormones are classified into 5 groups by the receptor to which they bind: glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, oestrogens, and progestagens. Specifically, at reproductive level, steroids are essential in foetal development, cell differentiation, sexual maturation and growth. There are different mechanisms by which steroid hormones effect host cells. Genomic and non-genomic mechanisms contribute to regulate the different cellular functions mediated by steroid hormones. The signal interaction of the transduction pathways is mediated by receptors for both steroids and other chemical messengers. The activation of a receptor occurs through specific ligands or through interaction with other proteins previously activated by means of classical ligands, independent ligands and independent ERES. Likewise, the interaction between signals generated by the activation of membrane receptors and in the nucleus, can occur through the molecules regulated by cytoplasmic receptors. Different steroid hormones have an effect on the same cell type, in some cases they are able to regulate the same set of genes.