Publicación: Frecuencia de Complicaciones en el Manejo de la vía Aérea: Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura
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Introduction: The airway management is a basic skill for physicians, fundamental for the treatment of critical, unconscious, highly sedated or anesthetized patients. The complications derived from this procedure are not usual, but when they occur they are classified among the mostseriousin medicine.Objective: Systematize publications on the frequency of complications in the airway management and identify the most common. Methodology: Systematic review of the literature with a protocol defined a priori and following the stages of the PRISMA guide. Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated with their 95% confidence intervals. Results: 34 articles were included in the synthesis. The prevalence of complications was between 1.6% and 57.3%. The frequency of complications in adults was 9.4% (8.8-9.9), in pediatric patients of 27.9% (26.9-28.9) and in patients from special populations (polytrauma, obese patient, critical patient) 16.2% (15.0-17.5). The most frequent were hypoxia 26.6%, esophageal intubation 20.4% and hypotension 15.3%. The studies reflect procedures performed in intensive care units, operating rooms, emergency rooms and pediatrics. Conclusion: Differences were found in the frequency of complications dependent on the age of the patient (pediatric and adult patients), of the care setting, controlled environments (difficult airway anticipated, supervision by an expert, elective surgery, use of flexible fibroscope) and Emerging situations in physiologically unstable patients. This demonstratesthe need to emphasize the operator's expertise,the availability ofresources and the use of attention algorithmsin order to reduce the frequenciesfound.