Publicación:

Guía en primeros auxilios psicológicos para padres y docentes de adolescentes consumidores de SPA

Resumen

The consumption of psychoactive substances, over time has become a public health problem, a topic that concerns all government entities. An alarming percentage of teenagers who have ended their lives because of psychoactive substances (SPA) have been evidenced throughout several investigations. Mora (2009), points out that it is important to keep in mind that SPAs in exorbitant amounts can generate serious consequences in the future, from an organic disease to a pathological one. Then, they will wonder why teenagers are more susceptible to the consumption of psychoactive substances? For this it is important to highlight that according to Mora (2009), adolescence is a stage where changes occur, such as physical, cognitive, and social, which are very vulnerable to influence positively or negatively. Bronfenbrenner, exposes from his ecological theory of development that the individual develops within several interrelated subsystems, taking into account this consideration, adolescents form various interconnections between various contexts that are vital for their cognitive, social and moral development, between which is the familiar and educational, since these two contexts can be stimulators or inhibitors for the consumption of SPA. Therefore, it is of interest to implement a guide in Psychological First Aid (PAP) for parents and family and teachers based on the work jointly between these two authors with the objective of mitigating the consumption of SPA in adolescence. The current research proposal has a qualitative methodology, descriptive, with a Research-Action design, the sampling used is non-probabilistic for convenience. The sample will consist of teachers and parents who will be trained to offer PAP to adolescent consumers of SPA both in an academic and family context. The intervention to be carried out with the adolescents enrolled in the public institutions of the city of Villavicencio, took into account the components of the PAP presented by Slaikeu (1996) to adapt this guide composed of the following steps:1. Make psychological contact: seeks to generate in the adolescent a climate of trust, acceptance and support. 2. Examine the dimensions of the problem: the objective is to identify the immediate and subsequent needs of the adolescent. 3. Analyze possible solutions: look for solutions for immediate and subsequent needs. 4. Assist in concrete action: its purpose is to execute immediate solutions, designed to meet immediate needs. 5. Follow-up: Ensure the identification of information; examine possible procedures for follow-up, also establish an agreement.