Publicación: Nivel de Higiene Oral en Prótesis Dentales de Adultos ≥60 años.
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ld age can generate changes at the biological level due to molecular and cellular damage and the risk of diseases increases. Diseases of the oral cavity are some of the most frequent, such as caries, periodontal disease, xerostomia, and lesions of the oral mucosa leading to tooth loss.1 Cortez and Vergara 2 through a classification study of partial edentulism and total reported that in the Chilean population the prevalence of total edentulism was higher with 98.9% that partial with 79.7%. According to ENSAB IV3 carried out at the national level in 2013-2014, it established that the prevalence of partial edentulism was higher in Bogotá with 73.21% and total edentulism was higher in the Nariño region with 7.77%. In addition, he observed that the highest percentage of presence of prostheses in people with edentulism was 37.03%, in the Eastern region. Oral hygiene is the ideal way to maintain oral health, since it eliminates food debris from the mouth, favors a good taste, prevents bad smell and creates a sense of comfort in the oral cavity, also improving the aesthetics and quality of life of people, also contributes to the prevention of oral diseases.4 The aging process becomes evident after the sixth decade of life, the Oral hygiene in older adults requires more care, skill and the use of special elements that provide well-being. Aging also brings a decrease in motor and cognitive abilities. which could influence basic daily activities such as oral hygiene. Regarding the prevalence of oral hygiene of the prostheses in this population, Vázquez-Menéndez5 reported that, of 98 adults in Cuba, 82.7% brushed their prostheses twice a day, and according to their concept the hygiene of the prosthesis was 3% 62.2% bad. It is important to note that 69.4% did not remove the prosthesis at any time, even at night. On the other hand, Chuquimacara et al., Mention in the documents of the World Health Organization in 2016-2017, that the frequency of oral hygiene of prostheses in people of Brazil, corresponded to 64% once a day in hours of the night.6 Rusell-Ausgburger7 evaluated 130 elderly patients in California, United States, of which 100% had poor oral hygiene. They claimed that bacterial plaque is responsible for halitosis, gingival inflammation and lesions of oral mucous membranes. Ruiz et al., In a study with 200 older adult dental prostheses in Mexico, determined that poor oral prosthetic hygiene was associated with mucosal lesions in 69% of cases. 8 García et al.9, conducted a study with 125 elderly people in Cuba who had dental prostheses presented oral mucosal lesions associated with poor prosthetic oral hygiene, where it was among the most frequent lesions, Subprotic stomatitis in 12%, épulis cracked in 8% and angular cheilitis in 5.6%. Díaz et al.10, conducted an investigation with 120 older adults from Colombia, who used removable dentures concluded that the socio-demographic variables They influence the level of oral hygiene. They also mention that these increase or decrease the probability of presenting oral lesions in mucous membranes associated with poor oral hygiene. The measurement of oral hygiene in prostheses has been scarce, and often subjective. The use of similar methodologies in the measurement of disease is fundamental, for this reason, in this research the oral hygiene index for Rusell-Ausgburger dental prostheses will be resumed, which measures the amount of bacterial plaque present in the different areas of the prosthesis, 2 facials and 4 palatine. Therefore, it starts from 0 for the absence of a plate to 4 for the presence of a very heavy plate that covers 76% to 100% of them. The city of Pasto in the department of Nariño, has three geriatric homes in which approximately 400 older adults live, however, in the community, bacterial plaque indices are constantly evaluated at other ages and usually in teeth, but it is very deficient information about the oral hygiene process, especially in those who use dentures. Taking into account that poor oral hygiene in them produces several alterations in oral mucous membranes, it is very important to start with the design of research, to design preventive programs that improve this condition. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the level of oral hygiene with the Rusell-Ausgburger index for dental prostheses in adults ≥60 years in the elderly of the municipality of Pasto, Nariño.