Publicación: Efectividad del juego como estrategia de intervención en niños maltratados físicamente
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This research had a theoretical review of the following topics: childhood, child abuse, physical abuse, consequences of physical abuse, mental disorders and play as an intervention strategy; this in order to cover a tool for handling situations of physical abuse in children. Childhood Early childhood is the most intense period of brain development of a lifetime. It is essential to provide adequate stimulation and nutrition for development during the first three years of life, since it is in these years when a child's brain is more sensitive to the influences of the outside environment. Rapid brain development affects cognitive, social and emotional development, which helps to ensure that each child reaches their potential and is integrated as a productive part in a rapidly changing world society. “During early childhood (from the prenatal period to eight years), children experience rapid growth that greatly affects their environment. Many problems suffered by adults, such as mental health problems, obesity, heart disease, crime, and poor literacy and numerical skills, can have their origins in early childhood. ”WHO (2012). Early childhood also constitutes the period that elapses "from birth, the first year of life, the preschool period until the transition to the school period." In operational terms, it takes the stretch that ranges from birth to eight years of age. (Committee on the Rights of the Child 2006). Sigmund Freud (1940/1968) was the first great theorist to focus attention on childhood, defending that “according to the way infants are treated, personality traits will be created for a lifetime.” Freud proposed that there are critical phases in the development: oral phase and anal phase, if there are difficulties these can only be overcome "reliving" the earliest experiences through psychotherapy. The game as an intervention strategy in child abuse 17 On the other hand Eric Erikson (1963) suggested "that children develop a degree of confidence or distrust in their caregiver according to their first experiences in food intake." An additional perspective is offered by cognitive and intellectual development theorists. Jean Piaget (1953) theorized "that intellectual abilities are built on the simple developments that take place in the early stages of life."