Publicación: Necesidades de los familiares cuidadores de pacientes con enfermedad mental, según la revisión de estudios y literatura
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The care of family members with a mental illness patient, understand the perspective of the caregiver about the situation that the patient is going through, promote safety and confidence, reduce the fear and overload of roles that the care for this illness generates. , affecting different dimensions: physical, emotional, social, psychological, economic. Purpose To describe the needs of family caregivers of patients with mental illness, according to the review of studies and scientific literature valid for no more than five years at the National and International level. Methodology: literature review was performed as follows: in the database of 528 research articles between 2014 and 2018, when reviewing, 336 research articles were eliminated, these did not meet the inclusion criteria (needs in family caregivers with mental illness, family caregivers). Of the 192 research articles on Alzheimer's, Dementia and Parkinson's diseases, 40 articles that were freely available were selected Results: In relation to the family caregiver, it is found that they are mainly wives, daughters, sisters who assume full responsibility in this task, going through the formal or informal help they receive; At the same time there is a burden for the family caregiver represented in: housework, family, social and family relationships, personal and leisure time development, family finances, mental health and the subjective discomfort of the caregiver related to the disease. In these studies the needs found in family caregivers were social support, emotional support, stability. It is important to emphasize that they require the development of interventions that improve the quality of life of the caregiver, since they suffer alterations in the social and psychological dimensions, due to the adjustments in the caregiver's life. Discussion: the studies report needs similar to other studies related to the subject, needs to relieve overload in patients with mental illness, social support, emotional stability. It also highlights the importance of interventions that improve the quality of life of the caregiver. Conclusions: The needs of the family caregivers of patients with mental illness that affect their physical, psychological, and social dimensions are the overload, the quality of life, the most affected dimensions of the family caregivers were the physical and emotional role, as well as the social functioning. The perception of overload was greater in caregivers with less social support and less physical and mental health; at the psychological level, it was found altered in the studies that the symptoms that family caregivers present are influenced by the lack of time of these to carry out their personal and social activities. The predominant needs in family caregivers of patients with mental illness are the most common The relatives were: to discuss the feelings with friends and other relatives, to discuss the feelings with other caregivers or people who have lived a similar experience, need to receive help from organizations within the community, and also need to receive complete information about the state of the patient and the need to receive specialized information about the patient. The perception of overload was greater in caregivers with less social support and less physical and mental health; At the psychological level, it was found that the symptoms that the family caregivers present were influenced by the lack of time of these to carry out their personal and social activities. The predominant needs in family caregivers of patients with mental illness are the most common The relatives were: to discuss the feelings with friends and other relatives, to discuss the feelings with other caregivers or people who have lived a similar experience, need to receive help from organizations within the community, and also need to receive complete information about the state of the patient and the need to receive specialized information about the patient.