Publicación:

Salud sexual y reproductiva e impacto de la dinámica y funcionalidad familiar en el embarazo adolescente joven de las estudiantes de Enfermería de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia Jornada Diurna

Resumen

Young adolescence is the stage between 21 to 24 years of WHO (2014) and is an event marked by multiple changes not only physiological, but also social, personality and behavior for adolescents. It is in this period that a series of questions about body changes, sexual characteristics and how to approach their sexual and reproductive health also arise, because curiosity grows here regarding these issues. The World Health Organization (2014), defines "adolescence as the stage between 11 and 19 years, considering two phases, the early 12 to 14 years, late between 15 to 19 years and young between 21 to 24 years". "In these stages there are changes both in the physiological aspect (stimulation and functioning of the organs by hormones, female and male), anatomical structural changes and changes in the psychological and personality profile; however, this condition is not uniform and varies according to the individual and group characteristics ". During this period, very marked physical and psychic changes occur in the human being, such as the appearance of sexual characteristics, pubic hair, breast growth in women and changes in the genital organs in both. In addition, adolescence is a stage of growth and development, with acquisition of new functions in the biological, psychological and social spheres (Álvarez, 2013 & Blázquez, 2012). According to Issier (2001) "adolescent pregnancy is the one that occurs within two years of gynecological age or following menarche or when the young woman is still dependent on her family nucleus". Worldwide, this event occurs at younger and younger ages and generates consequences not only for their physical, but also mental and social health. According to Manrique R., et al (2008), adolescents are a population with a high risk of presenting risks during pregnancy and childbirth. Regarding the psychosocial aspect, many young people go through feelings such as fear for having the responsibility of taking care of another life, pain in front of invasive procedures such as delivery and caesarean section, their aspirations are limited to the care of their children, the relationship with their friends is is diminished and in terms of family dynamics, this generates conflicts, because many parents do not know the situation of their daughters and the communication aspect becomes difficult. (Falcón, 1997). This event is influenced by the family, which is defined according to Molino (2012) as "the union of people who share a vital project of existence in common that is supposed to be durable, in which strong feelings of belonging are generated by this group, in which there is a personal commitment among its members and intense relationships of intimacy, reciprocity and dependence are established".