Epidemiología
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- ÍtemInforme de modalidad de grado de practica social Clínica Medicosta Oftalmólogos Asociados de la Costa(Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Especialización en Epidemiología, Santa Marta, 2023-11-08) Hernandez Anaya , Alvaro Jose; Palomino Potes, Heidys PaolaEpidemiology as a scientific discipline in the area of medicine and public health surveillance is an essential process for national health security and, among others, detects, identifies and collects information that allows the analysis and understanding of health situations defined as priorities for the country, which are supported by current regulations, which define the responsibilities of each of the actors in the system in the national territory. (1) The National Institute of Health (INS) (2) as part of the Science, Technology and Innovation sector, has designed and disseminated methodologies and tools to strengthen public health surveillance through the standardization of actions, the definition of procedures, risk assessment and generation of early warnings, the generation and maintenance of capabilities, to ensure operation during 365 days and in compliance with one of its missionary functions.
- ÍtemKnowledges, attitudes and practice regarding malaria in a vulnerable municipality in Colombia(Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Medicina, 2022-12-01) Jaramillo-Ramirez, Gloria Isabel; Garcia-Balaguera, Cesar; Montenegro-Coral, Franco Andrés; Rosero-Galindo, Carol YovannaIntroduction: In Colombia, malaria affects people in vulnerable conditions. In urban areas, disease control measures have decreased the incidence of malaria in the past 5 years. However, there is some government abandonment in areas with armed conflict. Objective: To determine the knowledges, attitudes and practice regarding malaria in Piñalito, a town located in the municipality of Vista Hermosa in the Meta department (Colombia), in the period 2016-2017. Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods study using a survey consisting of 45 questions on knowledge, attitudes, and practices and semistructured interviews with medical personnel and government workers. Results: Of the respondents, 89.13% said that malaria is a health problem, 63.04% said the disease is transmitted by a mosquito bite, main symptoms were reported to be high fever (78.26%) and headache (60.87%). A total of 73.91% of respondents affirmed using mosquito nets to avoid the disease. The community affirmed that they do not receive good medical attention (65.22%) and did not identify the active participation of the local health secretary to prevent malaria. Conclusions: The inhabitants of Piñalito demonstrated adequate knowledge about the disease and positive attitudes toward preventing malaria. However, they had negative perceptions about the actions of the secretary of health and the government for control and prevention of the disease.
- ÍtemStudy protocol for pragmatic trials of Internet-delivered guided and unguided cognitive behavior therapy for treating depression and anxiety in university students of two Latin American countries: the Yo Puedo Sentirme Bien study(Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, 2022-06-02) UCC; Benjet, Corina; Carrasco , Nayib; Kessler, Ronald; Alan , Kazdin; Pim , Cuijpers; Yesica , Albor; Carlos , Contreras-Ibáñez; Ma Socorro , Durán González; Sarah , Gildea; Noé , González; José Benjamín , Guerrero López; Alex , Luedtke; Maria Elena, Medina-Mora5; Jorge , Palacios; Derek , Richards; Alicia , Salamanca-Sanabria; Nancy , SampsonBackground: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are highly prevalent among university students and predict impaired college performance and later life role functioning. Yet most students do not receive treatment, especially in low-middle-income countries (LMICs). We aim to evaluate the effects of expanding treatment using scalable and inexpensive Internet-delivered transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) among college students with symptoms of MDD and/or GAD in two LMICs in Latin America (Colombia and Mexico) and to investigate the feasibility of creating a precision treatment rule (PTR) to predict for whom iCBT is most effective. Methods: We will first carry out a multi-site randomized pragmatic clinical trial (N = 1500) of students seeking treatment at student mental health clinics in participating universities or responding to an email offering services. Students on wait lists for clinic services will be randomized to unguided iCBT (33%), guided iCBT (33%), and treatment as usual (TAU) (33%). iCBT will be provided immediately whereas TAU will be whenever a clinic appointment is available. Short-term aggregate effects will be assessed at 90days and longer-term effects 12months after randomization. We will use ensemble machine learning to predict heterogeneity of treatment effects of unguided versus guided iCBT versus TAU and develop a precision treatment rule (PTR) to optimize individual student outcome. We will then conduct a second and third trial with separate samples (n = 500 per arm), but with unequal allocation across two arms: 25% will be assigned to the treatment determined to yield optimal outcomes based on the PTR developed in the first trial (PTR for optimal short-term outcomes for Trial 2 and 12-month outcomes for Trial 3), whereas the remaining 75% will be assigned with equal allocation across all three treatment arms. Discussion: By collecting comprehensive baseline characteristics to evaluate heterogeneity of treatment effects, we will provide valuable and innovative information to optimize treatment effects and guide university mental health treatment planning. Such an effort could have enormous public-health implications for the region by increasing the reach of treatment, decreasing unmet need and clinic wait times, and serving as a model of evidence-based intervention planning and implementation.
- ÍtemInforme E.S.E Hospital Fray Luis De León(Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Especialización en Epidemiología, Santa Marta, 2023-09-18) Ospino Mendoza, Carolina Esther; Granados TaisThis report is a degree modality to receive the title of specialist in epidemiology, its objective is to improve the notification process of events of interest in public health of the institution, train missionary personnel in the events with the highest incidence in the region, as well as how to make an analytical description of the topics developed in each of the epidemiological surveillance committees, and show the conclusions and commitments reached during their presentation. All the activities presented here were carried out under the supervision of the directors and staff of the Fray Luis de León Hospital. The document is structured as follows: first, it is presented to the hospital institution where the practice was developed, its location, contact, and services offered; second, the designed action plan; third, the description of the activities carried out, their specific objectives and the time established for each one; fourth, achievements and lessons that the process left in the entity; fifth, limitations that. Along the way, recommendations for future practices and the conclusions reached were made; Finally, you will be able to consult the sources of information, photographic records and documents that support the field work.
- ÍtemInforme de práctica social con la Secretaria Seccional de Salud del departamento del Magdalena(Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Epidemiología, Santa Marta, 2023-09-15) Daza Avendaño, Glen Alexey; Kisi Nayidis Padilla ConstanteThe present work is derived from the realization of the social practice as a degree option; covered in the rectoral resolution No. 1518 of December 13, 2016, by which updates the modalities of degree in the graduate programs of the cooperative university of Colombia (1), developed in the Governorate of Magdalena; where 5 secretaries are located, one of this is the sectional secretary of health of Magdalena. In a specific way I am part of the work team in the area of public health surveillance the actions that are performed are consigned in the Decree 3518 of 2006, available in the compiled Decree 780 of 2016, in chapter II establishes the actors of the surveillance system in the country and its functions, such as managing the system, implementation, operation, organization, coordination of the network within the jurisdiction, as well as performing analysis of the health situation within the area of influence, supporting the municipalities in the management surveillance and epidemiological control when required (2).
- ÍtemFactores de riesgo asociados al parto pretérmino en gestantes de una IPS de Barranquilla(Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Especialización en Epidemiología, Santa Marta, 2023-09-05) Hernandez, Ailyn; Ramos, Eimy; Reyes Ríos, Luz ÁngelaIntroduction: There are multiple risk factors for preterm birth, being these the cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. General objective: To determine the risk factors associated with preterm birth in a group of IPS pregnant women in the city of Barranquilla. Methodology: It is a descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective quantitative study. The sample involves data collected by an IPS, corresponding to 1000 (thousand) pregnant women during the years 2018-2021, who met the inclusion criteria. Data collection used a record sheet as an instrument. The analysis was also performed from the ODDS RATIO (OR) measurement, with a 95% confidence interval for each factor. Results: The findings led to determine that the risk factors present and prone to preterm birth. The most frequent factor was cervical infections with 26, 1%; the second most frequent factor was urinary infections with 24, 8%. The study showed the impact that stress and the socioeconomic level of women during the gestation stage, also occupy an important place in the causes or reasons that lead to preterm birth. Conclusion: The existence of maternal risk factors of sociodemographic and gynecological nature, are of statistical importance in pregnant mothers of the IPS of Barranquilla. Since cervical infections and urinary tract infections are determined at stages closer to the end of pregnancy, abnormal termination of the gestation process can be avoided, achieving the well-being of the mother and the child.
- ÍtemInforme de Práctica Social en la ESE Hospital Local Arjona -Uol José Isabel Villarreal Torres de Villanueva-Bolívar(Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Especialización en Epidemiología, Santa Marta, 2023-09-04) Perez Torres, Viviana
- ÍtemPractica social departamento administrativo distrital de salud "DADIS" Cartagena(Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Posgrado, Especialización en Epidemiología, Santa Marta, 2023-09-08) Salas Peña, Disaris del Rosario; Reyes Rios, Luz AngelaEpidemiology is a fundamental discipline in the field of health that deals with the study of the distribution and determinants of diseases and health disorders in human populations. In a world where infectious diseases, chronic diseases, and public health challenges are increasingly common and complex, epidemiology becomes a crucial tool for disease control, prevention, and treatment. Epidemiology aims to understand the patterns of health and disease in a given population, in order to identify the causes of disease and its spread in the community. Epidemiologists investigate the relationship between risk factors, such as age, gender, lifestyle, environment, and others, and disease occurrence. The data obtained in these studies allow the identification of the most vulnerable population groups, which in turn helps in the formulation of more effective public health policies and programs. Epidemiology is crucial for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Through the study of transmission patterns and risk factors, prevention and control measures can be identified to reduce the spread of infectious diseases, such as the use of adequate hygiene measures, vaccination, and public education on the prevention of diseases. In addition, epidemiology is vital to the diagnosis and treatment of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Early identification of risk factors and prevention of complications from these diseases can improve patients' quality of life and reduce the cost of medical care. Epidemiology also plays a fundamental role in medical research. Epidemiological studies provide important data for informed decision-making in health policies and in the design of intervention programs. In addition, epidemiological studies can provide information on the efficacy of medical treatments and help identify new areas of research for the development of new therapies and drugs. Through this document, a practical tour of the main applications of clinical epidemiology is made, where the magnitudes and distributions of health events are established, health and disease determinants are identified, as well as the monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of the interventions. The development of social practices carried out in the District Administrative Department of Health - DADIS of the city of Cartagena de Indias, Colombia is socialized; a complete description of the activities is made, the management indicators that support the activities and the opportunities for growth and learning given by this space.
- ÍtemPractica social departamento administrativo distrital de salud DADIS Cartagena(Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Especialización en Epidemiología, Santa Marta, 2023-09-07) Salas Peña, Disaris Del Rosario; Luz Angela Reyes RíosEpidemiology is a fundamental discipline in the field of health that deals with the study of the distribution and determinants of diseases and health disorders in human populations. In a world where infectious diseases, chronic diseases, and public health challenges are increasingly common and complex, epidemiology becomes a crucial tool for disease control, prevention, and treatment. Epidemiology aims to understand the patterns of health and disease in a given population, in order to identify the causes of disease and its spread in the community. Epidemiologists investigate the relationship between risk factors, such as age, gender, lifestyle, environment, and others, and the occurrence of diseases (2). The data obtained in these studies allow the identification of the most vulnerable population groups, which in turn helps in the formulation of more effective public health policies and programs. Epidemiology is crucial for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Through the study of transmission patterns and risk factors, prevention and control measures can be identified to reduce the spread of infectious diseases, such as the use of adequate hygiene measures, vaccination, and public education on the prevention of disease.