Publicación: Neuropsicologia de la adicción
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The word addict comes from the Latin "addictus", which means "adjudged" or "inherited". After a war, the Romans made an "auction" where they gave slaves to soldiers who fought well. Those slaves were known as addictus. Then we understand that "addict" is a "slave" of drugs. Current studies on the causal relationships between psychiatric disorders and substance-induced disorders are inconclusive. The symptoms of mental disorders and addiction problems interact and condition each other. Evidence from research indicates that psychiatric and personality disorders often occur earlier than substance-induced disorders, that is, they increase the susceptibility of the individual to these problems (Kessler et al., 2001; Bakken et al. al., 2003); however, psychiatric disorders may also be aggravated by drug use (eg, depression: McIntosh and Ritson, 2001) or occur in parallel. Likewise, drug use can be perceived as a component or symptom of a psychiatric or personality disorder and as an attempt to self-medicate (Williams et al., 1990, Murray et al., 2003). The fact that the consumption of the substance alleviates the symptoms of distress encourages the development of addiction. Once the use of the drug is stopped, for example by abstinence or with a substitution program, the symptoms may reappear. Acute psychoses induced by drug use occur particularly in consumers of cocaine, amphetamines and hallucinogens and tend to decrease relatively quickly. However, it can be very difficult to differentiate the symptoms caused by intoxication with substances from unrelated psychotic episodes.